HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells (T cells), weakening the immune system over time. While there is no cure, there have been significant advancements in the treatment of HIV, and people living with HIV can lead healthy lives by taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) medications. 1. Antiretroviral Therapy (ART): • ART consists of a combination of medications that suppress the replication of the HIV virus in the body. • It helps reduce the viral load (the amount of virus in the blood) to undetectable levels, allowing the immune system to recover and preventing further damage. • Taking ART as prescribed is crucial to its effectiveness. 2. Early Diagnosis: • Early detection of HIV and prompt initiation of ART can significantly improve the long-term health and well-being of individuals living with HIV. 3. Regular Medical Care: • Individuals with HIV should receive regular medical care, including monitoring of their CD4 cell count and viral load, as well as screening for other health conditions. • Adhering to a healthcare provider's recommendations is essential. 4. Safer Sex Practices: HIV can be transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing needles for drug use and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. Using condoms consistently and correctly and avoiding sharing needles can help prevent the spread of HIV. 5. PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) and PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) • PrEP involves taking HIV medications before potential exposure to the virus to reduce the risk of infection. • PEP involves taking HIV medications after potential exposure to the virus (e.g., after unprotected sex or needle stick injuries) to reduce the risk of infection.