A team of researchers from Johns Hopkins University developed the Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot (STAR), which can effectively conduct a laparoscopic treatment without the aid of a human surgeon. One such case, which represents a significant development in robotics towards completely automated surgery for humans, has previously been tested on soft tissue of a pig. When executing intestinal anastomosis, which requires a great deal of repetition and accuracy, the robot did remarkably well. The connecting of two ends of an intestine together, which necessitates exceedingly exact and reliable suturing, is arguably the trickiest aspect of gastrointestinal surgery.