Exosomes are the smallest and most characteristic of extracellular vesicles and contain a variety of biological information, including proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA, and microRNA. These biomolecules are involved in regulating various life activities such as signal transduction, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis among tumor cells. Exosomes are not only a new biological marker assay, but also provide potential molecular therapeutic targets and are expected to be a carrier for anti-brain tumor drug delivery.