The construction of a tumour microenvironment (TME) to study tumour heterogeneity, tumour progression and subsequent metastasis, drug response and drug resistance has been a great challenge in cancer research. There are two effective research models, patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and patients derived organoids. Patient-derived organoids are miniature 3D tumor cell models that are cultured in the laboratory from primary tumors in patients with the disease. Patients derived organoids can encapsulate the tumor microenvironment including tumor cells and non-tumor host components, and are phenotypically and genetically similar to the tumor tissue from which they originate, highly mimicking the characteristics of the source tumor tissue, preserving tumor heterogeneity between individuals, and can be used for mechanistic studies and functional testing.