Recognition of the fact that bacterial biofilms may play a role in the pathogenesis of disease has led to increased interest in identifying diseases that may be associated with biofilms. Biofilm infections are usually chronic in nature because bacteria with biofilms present are resilient to the immune system, antibiotics and other treatments. Bacterial biofilms are clusters of bacteria attached to surfaces and/or to each other and embedded in a self-produced matrix. The biofilm matrix is composed of proteins (e.g., fibronectin), polysaccharides (e.g., alginate), and substances such as eDNA. In addition to the protection provided by the matrix, bacteria in biofilms can employ a variety of survival strategies to evade host defenses.